Diagnosing mesothelioma is a complex and multi-step process designed to confirm the disease, identify its type, and assess its extent. Each diagnostic test provides unique and essential information that contributes to forming an accurate diagnosis and creating an effective treatment plan. Below, we outline the key procedures and tests involved in diagnosing mesothelioma, from initial exams to advanced laboratory analysis.
Step 1: Comprehensive Medical History and Physical Examination
The diagnostic process begins with an in-depth review of the patient’s medical history and a physical examination.
Medical History Review: Doctors gather information on any possible asbestos exposure, past jobs, and lifestyle factors that could increase the risk of mesothelioma. They also check for related medical conditions and a family history of cancer.
Physical Examination: A thorough physical exam assesses general health and checks for signs such as lumps, fluid buildup, or other abnormalities. In cases of suspected pleural mesothelioma, doctors may listen to lung sounds to detect fluid around the lungs.
👉 Learn how imaging supports early detection on our Imaging Techniques for Mesothelioma Diagnosis page.
Step 2: Blood Tests and Biomarkers
While not definitive, blood tests can indicate certain biomarkers associated with mesothelioma. Research is ongoing to improve the effectiveness of these blood tests, and although they cannot confirm the disease, they can serve as part of the diagnostic process:
- SMRP (Soluble Mesothelin-Related Peptides): Elevated levels of SMRP are commonly found in pleural mesothelioma patients, offering clues to potential mesothelioma presence.
- Fibulin-3: This biomarker has shown promise in differentiating mesothelioma from other conditions and could aid in early detection, particularly when combined with other tests.
- Osteopontin: Elevated osteopontin levels may support the diagnosis of mesothelioma, especially in patients with known asbestos exposure.
These blood tests are valuable in screening but are usually used alongside more definitive methods.
👉 For advanced imaging methods that follow blood testing, visit Imaging Techniques for Mesothelioma Diagnosis.
Step 3: Pulmonary Function Testing
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) assess lung health and provide insights into how the disease may impact respiratory function. This is particularly relevant for patients with suspected pleural mesothelioma:
- Spirometry: This test measures the amount and speed of air a patient can inhale and exhale. Pleural mesothelioma may restrict airflow, and spirometry can help identify lung function limitations.
- Lung Volumes Test: This test measures the total lung capacity, residual volume (air left after exhalation), and other lung characteristics, giving doctors insight into how much the lung’s function has been compromised.
👉 After pulmonary testing, the next step is confirming the diagnosis with a biopsy. Explore available options at our Biopsy Methods in Mesothelioma Diagnosis page.